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Theodore Ryland Sizer (June 23, 1932 – October 21, 2009) was a leader of educational reform in the United States, the founder (and eventually President Emeritus) of the Essential school movement and was known for challenging longstanding practices and assumptions about the functioning of American secondary schools. Beginning in the late 1970s, he had worked with hundreds of high schools, studying the development and design of the American educational system, leading to his major work ''Horace's Compromise'' in 1984. In the same year, he founded the Coalition of Essential Schools based on the principles espoused in ''Horace's Compromise''. Sizer was born in New Haven, Connecticut to Theodore Sizer, Sr. (1892–1967), an art history professor at Yale University. He received his B.A. in English from Yale in 1953 and subsequently served in the Army as an artillery officer. He later described his experience leading soldiers in a democratic and egalitarian fashion as a formative influence on his ideas about education. After teaching in high schools, he earned his masters and doctorate in education from Harvard University in 1957 and 1961, respectively. He was a faculty member and later dean of the Harvard Graduate School of Education, a position he held during the 1969 Harvard student strike. While dean, he reorganized the school into seven departments, expanding the resources available for research (particularly in the area of urban education), while expanding minority enrollment. Sizer left Harvard to serve as headmaster of Phillips Academy in Andover, Massachusetts from 1972 to 1981, leaving to lead a study of American high schools sponsored by the National Association of Secondary School Principals and the National Association of Independent Schools. From 1983 to 1997, Sizer worked at Brown University as a professor and chair of the education department, and in 1993, he became the Founding Director of the Annenberg Institute for School Reform.〔 During his years at Brown, he produced most of his books, including ''Horace's Compromise.'' In it, he examined the fundamental compromise at the heart of allegedly successful American high schools. He suggested that the students agree to generally behave in exchange for the schools agreeing not to push them too hard or challenge them too severely. Thus, he widened the scope of schools that were failing to do their best to educate children far beyond the traditionally criticized poor and urban schools and challenged the conceptions of what could be considered a successful school. The ideas explored in his ''Horace Trilogy'' supply much of the foundation of the Coalition of Essential Schools. After retiring from Brown, Professor Sizer took a one-year position during the 1998–99 school year as co-principal (with his wife Nancy Faust Sizer) of the Francis W. Parker Charter Essential School, of which he was a Trustee Emeritus and helped to found. Their book, ''Keeping School'' (coauthored with Deborah Meier and Nancy Faust Sizer), drew from this experience. From 1997 through 2006, Sizer returned to the Harvard Graduate School of Education as a visiting professor, co-teaching a course on redesigning the American secondary school with his wife, Nancy, while he continued to work on the issues of integrating the multiple services that low socio-economic status families need in poor communities. His wife, Nancy Faust Sizer, whom he married in 1955, was also an educator, and they had four children. He died at age 77 on October 21, 2009, at his home in Harvard, Massachusetts, due to colon cancer. ==Works== * ''The Age of the Academies'' (1964) * ''Secondary Schools at the Turn of the Century'' (1964) * ''Places for Learning, Places for Joy'' (1973) * ''Horace's Compromise: The Dilemma of the American High School'' (1984) * ''Horace's School: Redesigning the American High School'' (1992) * ''Horace's Hope: What Works for the American High School'' (1997) * ''The Students Are Watching: Schools and the Moral Contract'' (1999, co-authored with Nancy Sizer) * ''Keeping School: Letters to Families from Principals of Two Small Schools'' (2003, co-authored with Deborah Meier & Nancy Faust Sizer) * ''The Red Pencil: Convictions From Experience in Education'' (2004) * ''The New American High School'' (2013, posthumously)〔Jay Mathews, "A visionary's final ideas on fixing high schools", The Washington Post, 24 July 2013 http://www.washingtonpost.com/blogs/class-struggle/post/a-visionarys-final-ideas-on-fixing-high-schools/2013/07/24/0b4f0442-f427-11e2-9434-60440856fadf_blog.html. Retrieved 15 September 2013.〕 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Ted Sizer」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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